Non of Jesus’ 12 disciples witnessed Jesus’ crucifixion!

John 19: 14-37 (King James Version)

¹⁴And it was the preparation of the passover, and about the sixth hour: and he saith unto the Jews, Behold your King!

¹⁵But they cried out, Away with him, away with him, crucify him. Pilate saith unto them, Shall I crucify your King? The chief priests answered, We have no king but Caesar.

¹⁶Then delivered he him therefore unto them to be crucified. And they took Jesus, and led him away.

¹⁷And he bearing his cross went forth into a place called the place of a skull, which is called in the Hebrew Golgotha:

¹⁸Where they crucified him, and two other with him, on either side one, and Jesus in the midst.

¹⁹And Pilate wrote a title, and put it on the cross. And the writing was JESUS OF NAZARETH THE KING OF THE JEWS.

²⁰This title then read many of the Jews: for the place where Jesus was crucified was nigh to the city: and it was written in Hebrew, and Greek, and Latin.

²¹Then said the chief priests of the Jews to Pilate, Write not, The King of the Jews; but that he said, I am King of the Jews.

²²Pilate answered, What I have written I have written.

²³Then the soldiers, when they had crucified Jesus, took his garments, and made four parts, to every soldier a part; and also his coat: now the coat was without seam, woven from the top throughout.

²⁴They said therefore among themselves, Let us not rend it, but cast lots for it, whose it shall be: that the scripture might be fulfilled, which saith, They parted my raiment among them, and for my vesture they did cast lots. These things therefore the soldiers did.

²⁵Now there stood by the cross of Jesus his mother, and his mother’s sister, Mary the wife of Cleophas, and Mary Magdalene.

²⁶When Jesus therefore saw his mother, and the disciple standing by, whom he loved, he saith unto his mother, Woman, behold thy son!

²⁷Then saith he to the disciple, Behold thy mother! And from that hour that disciple took her unto his own home.

²⁸After this, Jesus knowing that all things were now accomplished, that the scripture might be fulfilled, saith, I thirst.

²⁹Now there was set a vessel full of vinegar: and they filled a spunge with vinegar, and put it upon hyssop, and put it to his mouth.

³⁰When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, It is finished: and he bowed his head, and gave up the ghost.

³¹The Jews therefore, because it was the preparation, that the bodies should not remain upon the cross on the sabbath day, (for that sabbath day was an high day,) besought Pilate that their legs might be broken, and that they might be taken away.

³²Then came the soldiers, and brake the legs of the first, and of the other which was crucified with him.

³³But when they came to Jesus, and saw that he was dead already, they brake not his legs:

³⁴But one of the soldiers with a spear pierced his side, and forthwith came there out blood and water.

³⁵And he that saw it bare record, and his record is true: and he knoweth that he saith true, that ye might believe.

³⁶For these things were done, that the scripture should be fulfilled, A bone of him shall not be broken.

³⁷And again another scripture saith, They shall look on him whom they pierced.

Matthew 27 (King James Version)

³⁵And they crucified him, and parted his garments, casting lots: that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophet, They parted my garments among them, and upon my vesture did they cast lots.

³⁶And sitting down they watched him there;

³⁷And set up over his head his accusation written, THIS IS JESUS THE KING OF THE JEWS.

³⁸Then were there two thieves crucified with him, one on the right hand, and another on the left.

³⁹And they that passed by reviled him, wagging their heads,

⁴⁰And saying, Thou that destroyest the temple, and buildest it in three days, save thyself. If thou be the Son of God, come down from the cross.

⁴¹Likewise also the chief priests mocking him, with the scribes and elders, said,

⁴²He saved others; himself he cannot save. If he be the King of Israel, let him now come down from the cross, and we will believe him.

⁴³He trusted in God; let him deliver him now, if he will have him: for he said, I am the Son of God.

⁴⁴The thieves also, which were crucified with him, cast the same in his teeth.

⁴⁵Now from the sixth hour there was darkness over all the land unto the ninth hour.

⁴⁶And about the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani? that is to say, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?

⁴⁷Some of them that stood there, when they heard that, said, This man calleth for Elias.

⁴⁸And straightway one of them ran, and took a spunge, and filled it with vinegar, and put it on a reed, and gave him to drink.

⁴⁹The rest said, Let be, let us see whether Elias will come to save him.

⁵⁰Jesus, when he had cried again with a loud voice, yielded up the ghost.

⁵¹And, behold, the veil of the temple was rent in twain from the top to the bottom; and the earth did quake, and the rocks rent;

⁵²And the graves were opened; and many bodies of the saints which slept arose,

⁵³And came out of the graves after his resurrection, and went into the holy city, and appeared unto many.

⁵⁴Now when the centurion, and they that were with him, watching Jesus, saw the earthquake, and those things that were done, they feared greatly, saying, Truly this was the Son of God.

⁵⁵And many women were there beholding afar off, which followed Jesus from Galilee, ministering unto him:

⁵⁶Among which was Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James and Joses, and the mother of Zebedees children.

⁵⁷When the even was come, there came a rich man of Arimathaea, named Joseph, who also himself was Jesus’ disciple:

⁵⁸He went to Pilate, and begged the body of Jesus. Then Pilate commanded the body to be delivered.

⁵⁹And when Joseph had taken the body, he wrapped it in a clean linen cloth,

⁶⁰And laid it in his own new tomb, which he had hewn out in the rock: and he rolled a great stone to the door of the sepulchre, and departed.

⁶¹And there was Mary Magdalene, and the other Mary, sitting over against the sepulchre.

⁶²Now the next day, that followed the day of the preparation, the chief priests and Pharisees came together unto Pilate,

⁶³Saying, Sir, we remember that that deceiver said, while he was yet alive, After three days I will rise again.

⁶⁴Command therefore that the sepulchre be made sure until the third day, lest his disciples come by night, and steal him away, and say unto the people, He is risen from the dead: so the last error shall be worse than the first.

⁶⁵Pilate said unto them, Ye have a watch: go your way, make it as sure as ye can.

⁶⁶So they went, and made the sepulchre sure, sealing the stone, and setting a watch.

Mark 15 (King James Version)

²²And they bring him unto the place Golgotha, which is, being interpreted, The place of a skull.

²³And they gave him to drink wine mingled with myrrh: but he received it not.

²⁴And when they had crucified him, they parted his garments, casting lots upon them, what every man should take.

²⁵And it was the third hour, and they crucified him.

²⁶And the superscription of his accusation was written over, THE KING OF THE JEWS.

²⁷And with him they crucify two thieves; the one on his right hand, and the other on his left.

²⁸And the scripture was fulfilled, which saith, And he was numbered with the transgressors.

²⁹And they that passed by railed on him, wagging their heads, and saying, Ah, thou that destroyest the temple, and buildest it in three days,

³⁰Save thyself, and come down from the cross.

³¹Likewise also the chief priests mocking said among themselves with the scribes, He saved others; himself he cannot save.

³²Let Christ the King of Israel descend now from the cross, that we may see and believe. And they that were crucified with him reviled him.

³³And when the sixth hour was come, there was darkness over the whole land until the ninth hour.

³⁴And at the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani? which is, being interpreted, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?

³⁵And some of them that stood by, when they heard it, said, Behold, he calleth Elias.

³⁶And one ran and filled a spunge full of vinegar, and put it on a reed, and gave him to drink, saying, Let alone; let us see whether Elias will come to take him down.

³⁷And Jesus cried with a loud voice, and gave up the ghost.

³⁸And the veil of the temple was rent in twain from the top to the bottom.

³⁹And when the centurion, which stood over against him, saw that he so cried out, and gave up the ghost, he said, Truly this man was the Son of God.

⁴⁰There were also women looking on afar off: among whom was Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James the less and of Joses, and Salome;

⁴¹(Who also, when he was in Galilee, followed him, and ministered unto him;) and many other women which came up with him unto Jerusalem.

⁴²And now when the even was come, because it was the preparation, that is, the day before the sabbath,

⁴³Joseph of Arimathaea, an honourable counsellor, which also waited for the kingdom of God, came, and went in boldly unto Pilate, and craved the body of Jesus.

⁴⁴And Pilate marvelled if he were already dead: and calling unto him the centurion, he asked him whether he had been any while dead.

⁴⁵And when he knew it of the centurion, he gave the body to Joseph.

⁴⁶And he bought fine linen, and took him down, and wrapped him in the linen, and laid him in a sepulchre which was hewn out of a rock, and rolled a stone unto the door of the sepulchre.

⁴⁷And Mary Magdalene and Mary the mother of Joses beheld where he was laid.

Luke 23 (King James Version)

³³And when they were come to the place, which is called Calvary, there they crucified him, and the malefactors, one on the right hand, and the other on the left.

³⁴Then said Jesus, Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do. And they parted his raiment, and cast lots.

³⁵And the people stood beholding. And the rulers also with them derided him, saying, He saved others; let him save himself, if he be Christ, the chosen of God.

³⁶And the soldiers also mocked him, coming to him, and offering him vinegar,

³⁷And saying, If thou be the king of the Jews, save thyself.

³⁸And a superscription also was written over him in letters of Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew, THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS.

³⁹And one of the malefactors which were hanged railed on him, saying, If thou be Christ, save thyself and us.

⁴⁰But the other answering rebuked him, saying, Dost not thou fear God, seeing thou art in the same condemnation?

⁴¹And we indeed justly; for we receive the due reward of our deeds: but this man hath done nothing amiss.

⁴²And he said unto Jesus, Lord, remember me when thou comest into thy kingdom.

⁴³And Jesus said unto him, Verily I say unto thee, Today shalt thou be with me in paradise.

⁴⁴And it was about the sixth hour, and there was a darkness over all the earth until the ninth hour.

⁴⁵And the sun was darkened, and the veil of the temple was rent in the midst.

⁴⁶And when Jesus had cried with a loud voice, he said, Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit: and having said thus, he gave up the ghost.

⁴⁷Now when the centurion saw what was done, he glorified God, saying, Certainly this was a righteous man.

⁴⁸And all the people that came together to that sight, beholding the things which were done, smote their breasts, and returned.

⁴⁹And all his acquaintance, and the women that followed him from Galilee, stood afar off, beholding these things.

⁵⁰And, behold, there was a man named Joseph, a counsellor; and he was a good man, and a just:

⁵¹(The same had not consented to the counsel and deed of them;) he was of Arimathaea, a city of the Jews: who also himself waited for the kingdom of God.

⁵²This man went unto Pilate, and begged the body of Jesus.

⁵³And he took it down, and wrapped it in linen, and laid it in a sepulchre that was hewn in stone, wherein never man before was laid.

⁵⁴And that day was the preparation, and the sabbath drew on.

⁵⁵And the women also, which came with him from Galilee, followed after, and beheld the sepulchre, and how his body was laid.

⁵⁶And they returned, and prepared spices and ointments; and rested the sabbath day according to the commandment.

Moses is said to have written the Torah; but when Moses died, who wrote Deuteronomy 34?

DEUTERONOMY 34

¹And Moses went up from the plains of Moab unto the mountain of Nebo, to the top of Pisgah, that is over against Jericho. And the LORD shewed him all the land of Gilead, unto Dan,

²And all Naphtali, and the land of Ephraim, and Manasseh, and all the land of Judah, unto the utmost sea,

³And the south, and the plain of the valley of Jericho, the city of palm trees, unto Zoar.

⁴And the LORD said unto him, This is the land which I sware unto Abraham, unto Isaac, and unto Jacob, saying, I will give it unto thy seed: I have caused thee to see it with thine eyes, but thou shalt not go over thither.

⁵So Moses the servant of the LORD died there in the land of Moab, according to the word of the LORD.

⁶And he buried him in a valley in the land of Moab, over against Bethpeor: but no man knoweth of his sepulchre unto this day.

⁷And Moses was an hundred and twenty years old when he died: his eye was not dim, nor his natural force abated.

⁸And the children of Israel wept for Moses in the plains of Moab thirty days: so the days of weeping and mourning for Moses were ended.

⁹And Joshua the son of Nun was full of the spirit of wisdom; for Moses had laid his hands upon him: and the children of Israel hearkened unto him, and did as the LORD commanded Moses.

¹⁰And there arose not a prophet since in Israel like unto Moses, whom the LORD knew face to face,

¹¹In all the signs and the wonders, which the LORD sent him to do in the land of Egypt to Pharaoh, and to all his servants, and to all his land,

¹²And in all that mighty hand, and in all the great terror which Moses shewed in the sight of all Israel.

KJV

Three simple facts the different between Bible and Al-Qur’an

The three are:

1. Al-Qur’an is always in the hands of the multitude whereas the Bible is the ‘property’ of the Church;

2. Arabic, the original language of Al-Qur’an  is a living language, whereas  Greek, the supposedly original language of the Bible is dead;

3. No Moslem dispute Al-Qur’an, but the Bible is disputed by as many as Christian scholars and full of diverging footnotes (inconsistencies).

Look:

⁸ How do ye say, We are wise, and the law of the LORD is with us? Lo, certainly in vain made he it; the pen of the scribes is in vain. -  Jeremiah 8: 8

82 Do they not consider the Qur’an (with care)? Had it been from other than God, they would surely have found therein much discrepancy. – Al-Qur’an, Surah An-Nisa’, 4: 82

“Come now, let us reason together,” says the Lord – Isaiah 1: 18

In the New Testament, Jesus said, ‘Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is One. And you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul …’ Mark 12: 29 …

And the Lord said unto me … ["I will raise them up a Prophet from among their own brethren, like unto thee, and will put my words in his mouth; and he shall speak unto them all that I shall command him." - Deuteronomy 18:18]- Was not Muhammad s.a.w., the foretold Prophet, an Arab, a brethren of the Jews? When Muhammad s.a.w. was revealed with the Holy Qur’an (God’s words), he unveiled the mortality of Christ. They (the Jews and Christians) remembered Isaac but entirely forgot Ishmael.

³⁰ I can of mine own self do nothing: as I hear, I judge: and my judgment is just; because I seek not mine own will, but the will of the Father which hath sent me. – [John 5]

³¹ If I bear witness of myself, my witness is not true. – [John 5]

^{28 …} for my Father is greater than I. – [John 14]

¹⁶ Verily, verily, I say unto you, The servant is not greater than his lord; neither he that is sent greater than he that sent him. – [John 13]

²⁰ I with the finger of God cast out devils, … – [Luke 11]

²⁸ I cast out devils by the Spirit of God, … – [Matthew 12]

⁷ Nevertheless I tell you the truth; It is expedient for you that I go away: for if I go not away, the Comforter [was it not Muhammad?] will not come unto you; but if I depart, I will send him unto you.

⁸ And when he is come, he will reprove the world of sin, and of righteousness, and of judgment:

9 Of sin, because they believe not on me;

¹⁰ Of righteousness, because I go to my Father, and ye see me no more;

¹¹ Of judgment, because the prince of this world is judged.

¹² I have yet many things to say unto you, but ye cannot bear them now.

¹³ How be it when he, the Spirit of truth, is come, he will guide you into all truth: for he shall not speak of himself; but whatsoever he shall hear, that shall he speak: and he will shew you things to come.

¹⁴ He shall glorify me: for he shall receive of mine, and shall shew it unto you. – [John 16]

¹² And the book (was it not the Qoran) is delivered to him that is not learned (was it not Muhammad?), saying, Read this, I pray thee: and he saith, I am not learned. – [Isaiah 29]

111 And they claim, “None shall ever enter paradise unless he be a Jew” – or, “a Christian”. Such are their wishful beliefs! Say: “Produce an evidence for what you are claiming, if what you say is true!”

112 Yea, indeed: everyone who surrenders his whole being unto God, and is a doer of good withal, shall have his reward with his Sustainer; and all such need have no fear, and neither shall they grieve.

113 Furthermore, the Jews assert, “The Christians have no valid ground for their beliefs,” while the Christians assert, “The Jews have no valid ground for their beliefs” – and both quote the divine writ! Even thus, like unto what they say, have [always] spoken those who were devoid of knowledge; but it is God who will judge between them on Resurrection Day with regard to all on which they were wont to differ. – Al-Qur’an, Surah Al-Baqarah, 2: 111-113

116 ‘And lo! Allah say: ‘O Jesus, son of Mary! Didst thou say unto men, ‘Worship me and my mother as deities beside God’?’ Jesus answered: ‘Limitless art Thou in Thy glory! It would not have been possible for me to say what I had no right to say. Thou knowest all that is within myself, whereas I know not what is in Thy Self.’ – Al-Qur’an, Surah Al-Maidah,  5: 116

72 Indeed the truth deny they who say, ‘Behold, God is the Christ, son of Mary – seeing that the Christ [himself] said, ‘O children of Israel! Worshiop God [alone], who is my Sustainer.’ Behold, whoever ascribe divinity to any being beside God, unto him will God deny paradise, and his goal shall be the fire; and such evildoers will have none to succour them.

73 Indeed the truth deny they who say, ‘Behold, God is the third of a trinity’ – seeing that there is no deity whatever save the One God. And unless they desist from this assertion, grievous suffering is bound to befall such of them as are bent on denying the truth.

74 Will they [Christians] not, then, turn towards God [the One] in repentance, and ask His forgiveness? For God is much forgiving, a dispenser of grace.

75 The Christ, son of Mary, was but an apostle: all [other] apostles had passed away before him; and his mother was one never deviated from truth; and they both ate food [like other mortals]. Behold how clear We make these massages unto them [Christians]: and then behold how perverted are their minds!

76 Say: ‘O followers of the Gospel! Do not overstep [such as apotheosising Jesus] the bounds [of truth] in your religious beliefs; and do not follow the errant views of people who have gone astray aforetime, and have led many [others] astray, and are still straying from the right path. – Al-Qur’an, Surah Al-Maidah, 5: 72-76

135 And they say, “Be Jews” – or, “Christians” – “and you shall be on the right path.” Say: “Nay, but [ours is] the creed of Abraham, who turned away from all that is false, and was not of those who ascribe divinity to aught beside God.”

136 Say: “We believe in God, and that which has been bestowed from on high upon us, and that which has been bestowed upon Abraham and Ishmael and Isaac and Jacob and their descendants, and that which has been vouchsafed to Moses and Jesus, and which has been vouchsafed to all the [other] prophets by their Sustainer: we make no distinction between any of them. And it is unto Him that we surrender ourselves.”

137 And if [others] come to believe in the way you believe, they will indeed find themselves on the right path; and if they turn away, it is but they who will be deeply in the wrong, and God will protect thee from them: for He alone is all-hearing, all-knowing.”

138 [Say: "Our life takes its] hue from God! And who could give a better hue [to life] than God, if we but truly worship him?”

139 Say [to the Jews and the Christians]: “Do you argue with us about God? But He is our Sustainer as well as your Sustainer – and unto us shall be accounted our deeds, and unto you, your deeds; and it is unto Him alone that we devote ourselves.”

140 “Do you claim that Abraham and Ishmael and Isaac and Jacob and their descendants were ‘Jews’ or ‘Christians’?” Say: “Do you know more than God does? and who could be more wicked than he who suppresses a testimony given to him by God?” Yet God is not unmindful of what you do.”

141 “Now those people have passed away; unto them shall be accounted what they have earned, and unto you, what you have earned; and you will not be judged on the strength of what they did.” – Al-Qur’an, Surah Al-Baqarah, 2: 135-141

59 Verily, in the sight of God, the nature of Jesus is as the nature of Adam, whom He created out of dust and then said unto him, “Be” – and he is.

60 [This is] the truth from thy Sustainer; be not, then, among the doubters!

61 And if anyone should argue with thee about this [truth] after all the knowledge that has come unto thee, say: “Come! Let us summon our sons and your sons, and our women and your women, and ourselves and yourselves; and then let us pray [together] humbly and ardently, and let us invoke god’s curse upon those [of us] who are telling lie.” – Al-Qur’an, Surah Ali Imran, 3: 59-61

6 And remember, Jesus, the son of Mary, said: “O Children of Israel! I am the apostle of God (sent) to you, confirming the law (which came) before me, and giving Glad Tidings of an Apostle to come after me, whose name shall be Ahmad.” But when he came to them with clear Signs, they said, “This is evident sorcery!” – Al-Qur’an, Surah Al-Saff, 61: 6

88 They say: “(God) Most Gracious has begotten a son!”

89 Indeed ye have put forth a thing most monstrous!

90 At it the skies are ready to burst, the earth to split asunder, and the mountains to fall down in utter ruin,

91 That they should invoke a son for (God) Most Gracious,

92 For it is not consonant with the majesty of (God) Most Gracious that He should beget a son. – Al-Qur’an, Surah Maryam, 19: 88-92

171 O People of the Book! Commit no extreme in your religion: Nor say of God aught but the truth. Christ Jesus the son of mary was (no more than) an apostle of God, and His Word, which He bestowed on Mary, and a spirit proceeding from Him: so believe in God and His apostles. Say not “Trinity”: desist: it will be better for you: for God is one God: Glory be to Him: (far exalted is He) above having a son. To Him belong all things in the heavens and on earth. And enough is God a s Dispenser of affairs – Al-Qur’an, Surah An-Nisa, 4: 171

64 Say:  ” O People of the Book! Come to common terms as between us and you: That we worship none but God; that we associate no partners with Him; that we erect not, from among ourselves, lords and patrons other than God.” If then they turn back, say ye: “Bear witness that we (at least) are Moslems (bowing to God’s will). - Al-Qur’an, Surah Ali-Imran 3: 64

God explained in a taxi ride

I came across this little book, ‘God Explained in a Taxi Ride’ by Paul Arden, not in a taxi ride but in a bookstore, published by Penguins. Two headings of the book caught my eyes: (i) ‘The Greatest Book Ever Told’ and (ii) ‘The Trinity’.

I do not know whether Paul Arden is a Catholic or not, but judging by what he wrote, I guessed he is a born Christian.

On ‘The Greatest Story Ever Told’, he writes:

‘The Bible is a great read but like Chinese whisper, the truth of it has been distorted. It’s hard to tell where history stops and legend begins. It was written long after the death of Jesus, from word of mouth and hearsay. Translated from Hebrew into Greek and Latin, again from Latin into English, and retranslated into what we know today as the King James Bible. It is a book the Church want you to believe in. It is the Church’s Bible not God’s’.

The Old Testament says:

26 “You have perverted the words of the living God.” – Jeremiah xxiii

And confirmed the Qur’an:

2:78 And there are among them unlettered people who have no real knowledge of the divine writ, [following] only wishful beliefs and depending on nothing but conjecture. 2:79 Woe, then, unto those who write down, with their own hands, [something which they claim to be] divine writ, and they say. “This is from God,” in order to acquire a trifling gain thereby; woe, then, unto them for what their hands have written, and woe unto them for all they may have gained!” – Al-Baqarah, The Cow.

The Bible therefore is ‘tempered’. When the Bible is tempered with, the true teaching of Christ can never be ascertained from it. What Jesus preached may not be what the Christian believed. It is the Church interpretation and not the literal biblical message that permeated the Christianity faith.

Professor of Jewish Studies at Oxford University, Professor Emeritus Geza Vermes (who was once a Christian priest at Vatican) writes:

‘Let us recall some basic facts. Jesus taught in Aramaic to Palestinian – and according to the Sypnotics mainly Galilean – Jews. We must assume that he wanted to be understood by them, and to achieve this he used the words, phrases, images, and teaching method with which his compatriots were familiar. Therefore no saying of Jesus can be reckoned authentic unless it was intelligible to the first-century Jews in a Palestinian/Galilean setting.

‘Since Jesus did not record his message in writing, it had to be handed down by his disciples orally, first in Aramaic and later in Greek when the evangelization moved outside Palestine among Jews and Gentiles who spoke Greek. The written word soon became the medium of transmission in the various geographically distinct regions of the Graeco- Roman world and as a result thegospel was bound to acquire a considerable degree of variation.’ [pg. 375, 'The Authentic Gospel of Jesus', penguin]

Professor Emeritus Geza Vermes (in the same book) further noted:

‘Any attempt to try to reconstruct a word-for-word version of the sayings of Jesus is, I believe, a waste of time. The aim is unattainable because the original source, is no longer available. All we have is a secondary Greek reconstruction. In a domain such as this, at a distance of two thousands years, certainties are beyond the scholar’s reach. The least unrealistic task is to weigh up and rank probabilities. On the less pessimistic side, it is worth observing that the fundamental principle of New Testament criticism, namely that the burden of proof rests on the claim of authenticity, is to a large extent misleading. The thesis that in the absence of definite proof of its genuineness a saying must be declared inauthentic is logically false. Inability to demonstrate that a maxim assigned by the evangelists to Jesus actually stems from him does not signify that he had nothing to do with it. It simply means that we are not in a position to prove that he had. Insufficiency of evidence does not automatically falsify a statement, but puts a question mark after it. Likewise lack of certainty is compatible with various degree of probabibility.’ [pg. 419]

On ‘Trinity’, Paul Arden writes:

‘When I was young, I went to church every Sunday, and the rector spoke of the Trinity: God the Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost. The reverend never explained these things; they were read out and we would join in parrot-fashion, not knowing what we were talking about. Nevertheless, I accepted those things in the name of God. I am certainly not the only person to have puzzled over this conundrum.’ So I thought I would make a stab at understanding it.’

When Trinity is a speculation, as with ‘probabilities’ nothing of certainty can be explained of it.

The Qur’an says:

9:30 “AND THE JEWS say, “Ezra is God’s son,” while the Christians say, “The Christ is God’s son.” Such are the sayings which they utter with their mouths, following in the spirit assertions made in earlier times by people who denied truth! God’s curse be on them! [They deserve the imprecation:] “May God destroy them!” How perverted are their minds!” 9:31 They have taken their rabbis and their monks – as well as the Christ, son of Mary – for their lords beside God, although they have been bidden to worship none but the One God, save whom there is no deity: the One who is utterly remote, in His limitless glory, from anything to which they may ascribe a share in His divinity!” – At-Tawbah/Repentance, Qur’an.

18:4 “Furthermore, this divine [the Qur'an] writ is meant to warn all those who assert, “God has taken unto Himself a son.” 18:5 No knowledge whatever have they of Him, and neither had their forefathers: dreadful is this saying that comes out of their mouths, [and] nothing but falsehood do they utter!’ – Al-Kahf, The Cave, Qur’an.

[TMTQ/MA pgs.: 17, 262-263] ……